A SCIENTIST OF GENIUS Mykola Pirogov was called a scientist
of genius even in his lifetime. His career as a researcher, excellent
surgeon and clinician was tempestuous. At 18, he graduated from Moscow
University; at 22, he became a Doctor of Science; at 26, he was a
Professor at Derpt (now Tartu) University, one of the largest in
Europe, and at 30, he headed Russia's first field surgery clinic.
During his first 30 or so years in surgery, he started a new trend in
the study of human anatomy and physiology, based on fundamentally novel
methods. His major research works in this field contributed enormously
to world science. To this day, Pirogov's methods are among the basic
methods in the study and leaching anatomy. Pirogov's life was
dedicated to people. He was a field surgeon during four wars (in the
Caucasus in 1847, in the Crimea in 1854, in the Franco-Prussian war to
1870, and in the Russian-Turkish war in 1877), selflessly saving the
lives of the wounded in the most difficult of conditions'. He in
fact created a new medical science, field surgery, and suggested new,
rational principles for the grouping, distribution and evacuation pf
the wounded. His, work, "Fundamentals of Field Surgery" (1864), had
soon become a reference book for field surgeons in all countries. He
formulated some of tile most important principles of treating gunshot
wounds, fractures, shock and wound infections, and developed the most
ingenious methods of performing operations. He was also the
First to apply, on a large scale, plaster of Paris bandages in field
conditions (in Sevastopol, during the Crimean war), which was a
revolution in field surgery. Almost 90 years later, during the Great
Patriotic War, the Pirogov platter of Paris was still widely
used-during the heroic defence of Sevastopol, and on all other fronts,
helping save the lives, of many thousands of soldiers. Pirogov
had a phenomenal capacity for work, which enabled him to do a great
deal in all spheres of surgery. He also developed classical,
world-acknowledged methods of operations and treatment in
ophthalmology, urology, and oilier fields. Many of those methods are
applied even now, and one of them, the so-called Pirogov amputation (a
conservative-restorative operation on the extremities), marked the
beginning of esteoplasty, giving a powerful impetus to the development
of reconstructive surgery. Genuinely compassionate with the sick
and the wounded, Pirogov did all his efforts to find ways of relieving
their suffering lie was among the first to realize the importance of
general anesthesia and to apply narcosis, doing all he could towards
its introduction into surgery. He firmly believed that narcosis not
only relieved pain, but created the optimum conditions for keeping up
the patient's vital functions during an operation. Питання (questions) до тексту “Геніальний вчений” What was Mykola Pirogov? What was his career in his yoth? What new trend did Pirogov start in surgery? What do you know about Pirogov method? What wars did he take part in? What did he do as a field surgeon? What science did he create then? What did he suggest? What principles did he formulate in his work “Fundamentals of Field Surgery” What bandages did Pirogov apply the first? What classical, well-known methods of operations did he divelop? Did Pirogov proclaim disease prevantion? Where did he live in Ukraine?
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